A dielectric lens antenna for digital beamforming and superresolution DOA estimation in 77 GHz automotive radar

This paper introduces a novel dielectric lens antenna configuration for automotive radar applications. A cylindric lens fed by a uniform linear array (ULA) accomplishes elevation beam shaping and simultaneously allows for the application of digital beamforming (DBF) and superresolution DOA estimation methods in azimuth. Pattern perturbations due to lens edge effects are systematically analyzed. Finally guidelines for an optimum antenna setup with minimum sensor size are derived. The results show excellent elevation beam shaping performance. High resolution direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is important for future automotive safety systems. The concept has the potential for the application in a low cost automotive radar sensor that is expected to fulfill high DOA estimation requirements.