Heat transfer modelling of toroidal inductors: Effect of orientations

Experimental studies of free and mixed convection heat transfer from inductor toroids were conducted to determine the effects of the Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers on the area averaged Nusselt number. The experimental program range was conducted in the Reynolds number range 4000⩽Re⩽13000 and 3×10⁶⩽Ra⩽7×10 ⁶ for the Rayleigh number. Moreover, an appropriate scale for presentation of the free and forced convection phenomena was proposed. In addition, general models were proposed for natural and mixed convection from the inductor toroids in different orientations. The agreement between the models and the experimental data was very good. Finally, the general models were proposed for an inductor with mounting base in free and mixed convection