Analysis of waveguides based on a surface integral formulation

An important constituent of any integrated circuit is the interconnections that carry the electrical signals between devices making up the circuit. At high frequencies, there is signal degradation due to skin effect and all the waveguide parameters are functions of the frequency at which the structure is operated. A time-harmonic analysis based on a complete solution to Maxwell´s equations is therefore necessary for waveguide analysis and characterization. A novel, simple, and efficient technique based on the surface equivalence principle is presented for computing and predicting the wave behavior. Both closed and open waveguides can be analyzed using the proposed formulation.<>