Frequency and voltage control of small power systems by decentralized controllable loads

From depletion of energy resources and consideration to natural environment, introduction of renewable energy facilities has been increasing annually. Moreover, introduction of photovoltaics has increased on the demand side. However, due to the fluctuating power from renewable energy sources, frequency and voltage fluctuations of power systems become problematic. At the same time, there has been a marked increase in the electrification of residential houses, as well as electric vehicles. Thus, capability for energy control has been increasing, with the load utilized as controllable load. This paper presents a methodology for grid frequency and voltage control by distributed controllable loads. The power system consists of diesel generators, wind generators, photovoltaics and loads. By applying power consumption control under droop characteristics, grid frequency and terminal voltage fluctuations are maintained around rated value. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, MATLAB/Simulink® is used for simulations.