Fault section estimation in power systems using enhanced immune algorithm

An enhanced immune algorithm (EIA) is proposed to solve the fault section estimation problem in this paper. By simulating the relationships between antibody and antigen in the immune system, the proposed method has added the vaccine inoculation process in anticipation of further improving the computation performance to solve the fault section estimation problems. In order to validate the effectiveness of such an approach, the method has been tested through a sample systems and a real system with comparisons to other published techniques. From the test results, they reveal the feasibility of the method, meanwhile confirming the method as a forewarning aid to distribution maintenance work.