Behavioral models for microwave circuit optimization

Contemporary microwave circuit design is based on EM simulations and complex simulation models. Simulation model design is a must for growing number of devices and systems for which theoretical (e.g., analytical) models are either not available or not sufficiently accurate to yield the design satisfying given performance requirements. As prototype manufacture is very costly, the use of computer simulations has become commonplace as a feasible alternative for manufactures and also for education. Accurate numerical evaluations are computationally expensive; particularly for complex microwave/microstrip structures and computationally efficient EM-driven design optimization can be realized using physically based behavioral models.