Title :
Evolution of β-PbO2 crystal structure with cycle life during rapid and conventional charging of lead acid batteries using neutron diffraction
Author :
Steele, Ian M. ; Pluth, Joseph J. ; Richardson, J.W.
Author_Institution :
Consortium for Adv. Radiat. Source, Chicago Univ., IL, USA
Abstract :
Time of flight neutron diffraction of active material from lead acid batteries has characterized changes in crystallographic parameters of PbO2 from initial formation to battery failure for both rapid and conventional charging. PbO2 is nonstoichiometric and evolves from near Pb0.92O2 in initial formation to Pb0.96O2. The a0/c0 of the tetragonal β-PbO2 structure likewise shows a detectable decrease with cycle life. Displacement parameters for Pb show nearly identical trends for both rapid and conventional charging over the life of the active material. The changes in the shape of the Pb displacement ellipsoid may be correlated with Pb occupancy and based on other published data may reflect changes in noncrystallographic H content of the β-PbO2 structure. These crystallographic changes do not necessarily cause capacity loss
Keywords :
crystal structure; electrochemistry; lead acid batteries; lead compounds; neutron diffraction; β-PbO2 crystal structure; Pb displacement ellipsoid; Pb occupancy; Pb-acid secondary batteries; Pb0.92O2; Pb0.96O2; PbO2; a0/c0; active material; battery cycle life; battery failure; capacity loss; conventional charging; crystallographic changes; crystallographic parameters; displacement parameters; initial formation; rapid charging; time-of-flight neutron diffraction; Aerospace materials; Batteries; Building materials; Crystalline materials; Crystallography; Diffraction; Laboratories; Lead; Neutrons; Shape;
Conference_Titel :
Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, 1999. The Fourteenth Annual
Conference_Location :
Long Beach, CA
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-4967-9
DOI :
10.1109/BCAA.1999.795990
