Optical Modelling and Simulation of PV Module Encapsulation to Improve Structure and Material Properties for Maximum Energy Yield

This paper presents a simulation tool to investigate the optical transmission of any encapsulation of PV modules under real-word conditions in order to test various types of encapsulation materials and front covers, with and without anti-reflective-coatings. While standard test conditions are using a fixed spectrum at perpendicular incidence only, real world performance is more complex to determine. The model developed is consequently linked with a precise simulation of the actual irradiance condition for each moment of a clear day considering incidence angles, spectra, dispersion and multiple internal reflections inside and among the layers. To calculate and compare life-cycle yields, several of those "snapshots" (each 15 minutes) of transmittance, actual irradiance, efficiency and electrical power output. The model is an appropriate tool to optimize the optical layout of the encapsulation, including new materials, not just within the standard test conditions but also for real world applications at different locations