Multimodal Deformable Registration of Traumatic Brain Injury MR Volumes via the Bhattacharyya Distance

An important problem of neuroimaging data analysis for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the task of coregistering MR volumes acquired using distinct sequences in the presence of widely variable pixel movements which are due to the presence and evolution of pathology. We are motivated by this problem to design a numerically stable registration algorithm which handles large deformations. To this end, we propose a new measure of probability distributions based on the Bhattacharyya distance, which is more stable than the widely used mutual information due to better behavior of the square root function than the logarithm at zero. Robustness is illustrated on two TBI patient datasets, each containing 12 MR modalities. We implement our method on graphics processing units (GPU) so as to meet the clinical requirement of time-efficient processing of TBI data. We find that 6 sare required to register a pair of volumes with matrix sizes of 256 × 256 × 60 on the GPU. In addition to exceptional time efficiency via its GPU implementation, this methodology provides a clinically informative method for the mapping and evaluation of anatomical changes in TBI.