High efficiency relativistic magnetron with diffraction output

A magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) is a magnetron where the radiation is extracted axially along the vanes of the anode block that are continued and tapered within inside of a conical horn antenna. The MDO has strong resistance to microwave breakdown, requires a smaller volume for the magnetic field compared with a magnetron with Helmholtz coils, and any eigenmode of the MDO can be chosen as the operating wave. Finally, in a MDO with the operating ??- mode the diffraction output can be used as a mode converter, providing any desired radiation pattern by continuing onto the horn antenna only those vanes that correspond to the symmetry of the radiated wave. In earlier experiments with an X-band MDO multigigawatt radiation was demonstrated.