A new sensor distribution for different applications and lifetime elongation techniques

In this paper, three different environmental monitoring application classes are investigated. The first class requires equal sensor density as in the case of a random incident source. The second class requires the sensors to be concentrated in the outer regions as in the case of a central incident source. The third class requires the sensors to be concentrated more in the center as in a case where it is required to monitor the central area more closely. A new distribution is proposed and is proved to be superior to previous ones in terms of lifetime. Furthermore, a new technique is used to improve the energy usage for the deployed sensors. It resulted in a major increase in lifetime when compared to previous techniques.