Source impedances of the Canadian distribution systems (residential and industrial)

Up to now, Canada has used approximate values for the residential (or industrial) impedance while in Europe, the IEC 725 standard has already determined on accurate value for the European distribution system. This paper presents the assessment of the low-voltage power supply impedances of Canadian distribution systems which are expected not to be exceeded in 95% of situations: these values take into account all the residential (or industrial) distribution system components, from the utility source to the residential (or industrial) cable connected to the appliance (or apparatus) terminals. Measurements performed at 70 sites were used to validate the impedance values proposed by this report.