Quantum authentication protocol using entanglement swapping

In this paper, we use the technique of entanglement swapping to exchange quantum message among sharing parties. For Bell measurements, quantum teleportation can provide long-distance quantum transmission when sharing parties are disconnected. The proposed mutual authentication protocol has the capability to securely identify each other under an unsafe routing path. Eavesdropping and malicious nodes may exist in the routing path. For quantum authentication protocol, it is called location-release problem. The proposed approach can solve this problem. Furthermore, source can transfer quantum message to destination in a secure way.