Optimization of the Atomic Candle Signal for the Precise Measurement of Microwave Power

To use the atomic candle signals of Cs atoms for the measurement of microwave power, the main parameters such as a standing or running microwave in the glass cell containing Cs atoms, the probing position in the waveguide, the intensity of the probing laser, the pressure of the N₂ buffer gas, and the beam diameter were optimized. As a result, the average uncertainty in obtaining the Rabi frequency, whose accuracy is important for the measurement of microwave power, was reduced several-fold. We demonstrated the measurement of microwave power using the optimized atomic candle signal in our previous work. In this paper, we discuss the optimization process in detail and the utility of optimizing the atomic candle signal for the precise measurement of microwave power.