Some Spatio-Temporal Approaches to Inverse Electrocardiography

In inverse electrocardiography one tries to accurately and meaningfully characterize cardiac electrical activity from electrical potential measurements on the body surface and a volume model of the torso. This is a typical ill-posed bioelectric field problem requiring constraints (regularization). One source of constraints is the strongly spatio-temporal nature of cardiac electrical activity. However formulating such constraints in a tractable fashion can be challenging. We review the major approaches used for this problem, and present work on a middle ground between simple non-electrophysiological constraints and strong electrophysiological constraints that eliminate useful complexity in solutions.