Generic models of wind turbines for power system stability studies

This paper presents generic wind turbine models for power system stability studies. These models are designed to represent four types of wind turbines presently available in the market, namely: (1) directly connected induction machines (Type 1), (2) variable rotor resistance induction machines (Type 2), (3) Doubly-Fed Induction machines (Type 3), and (4) machines connected to the grid via a full size frequency converter (Type 4). Using non-proprietary control schemes and significant but well justified simplifications, these generic models can be parametrically tuned to represent turbines from different manufacturers and greatly facilitate the modeling of wind farms as elements of a large interconnected system without the arduous process of obtaining manufacturer specific proprietary models. The generic models present features of wind turbine electrical controls relevant to stability studies including ones that make wind turbines compliant with utilities and power pools requirements, like voltage control and reactive capability, current managing system under low or high voltage conditions, etc. Generic wind turbine models allow system planner to use conventional planning techniques for incorporating wind farms into power systems. Applications of these generic models include transient dynamics simulations and voltage and frequency stability studies. Future enhancements of wind farm models are discussed.