Digital Image Watermarking for Authentication Based on the Dyadic Wavelet Transform and Interval Arithmetic

We propose a new digital image watermarking method for authentication based on the dyadic wavelet transform (DYWT) and interval arithmetic (IA). This method is a kind of content-based watermarking because it automatically generates a watermark from the host image and authenticates a test image by comparing two types of watermarks constructed by using the test image. This means that we do not need any watermark, unlike ordinary existing methods. We describe our watermarking and authentication procedure in detail and show experimental results demonstrating that our method gave better-quality watermarked images and could locate tampered areas.