Introducing the effects of dispersive media into the finite-difference time-domain algorithm [ground-penetrating radar]

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has found many applications in the solution of forward scattering electromagnetic problems. Due to the nature of ground-penetrating radar, the FDTD method proves to be an excellent means of simulating radar responses and implementing imaging techniques. FDTD is a powerful tool for ground-penetrating applications because it is capable of simulating the scattering characteristics of the ground and the complex objects within. A general approach for the inclusion of dispersive properties of various media into the FDTD method is investigated. The method involves including macroscopic effects of microscopically induced dipole moments