Carbon nanostructures formation by electron beam induced deposition at the apex of tungsten needle tip

In this investigation, individual carbon nanostructures were fabricated by EBID and subsequent current flowing at the apex of tungsten needle tip. This flowing current generates certain thermal energy induced by the resistance itself. Driven by the applied electric current and the associated ohm thermal energy, the as-deposited nanorod was transformed from the original amorphous phase into crystalline graphite structures. Hence, the in situ phase transformation process was successfully observed inside transmission electron microscope (TEM).