The first order load-balanced algorithm with static fixing scheme for centralized WSN system in outdoor environmental monitoring

The power of nodes in the first layer of a wireless sensor network (WSN) cannot last due to their frequent relay tasks. One possible solution to this disadvantage is to adopt the first order load-balanced algorithm (LBA) to redistribute the loading of the first layer node uniformly. The balanced low-latency convergecast tree (BLLCT) algorithm, a LBA, is generally utilized in route planning in ecological surveillance. Given that the balance between layers does not ensure the balance of the whole WSN, we propose a LBA combining with a static fixing scheme to shift the node groups from the subtree with the largest loading to the one with smaller loading. This procedures repeats until the loading of each subtree is approximately identical. Such a modified LBA successfully overcomes many complicated problems when a WSN is implemented, based on the simulation results using grid and random topologies. In addition, the performance of the static fixing on random node distribution is better than that on the grid node distribution. In this regards, the static fixing is an adequate method to apply to non-uniform loading situations.