Detection of riboflavin using DNA-modified electrochemically treated carbon nanotubes-pencil graphite electrode

Riboflavin (Vitamin B₂) is a well known vitamin and plays an important role in biological oxidation and reduction [1]. It is important biochemically because it is vital for proper utilization of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as energy sources. It is a component of two coenzymes, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The literature relating riboflavin with cancer is complex. Some studies indicate that riboflavin deficiency increases the risk of cancer at certain sites, whereas others point to a possible attenuating effect of riboflavin in the presence of some carcinogens and a protective effect of deficiency [2]. Riboflavin is a cellular photosensitizer that worsens damage caused by solar radiation. The combination of riboflavin with ultraviolet-A radiation has recently been shown to increase gene mutations by 7-times compared to UV-A radiation exposure alone [3]. Taking high doses of riboflavin (RDA = 1.7 mg) is not recommended.