Environmental impacts evaluation of electricity grid mix systems in four selected countries using a life cycle assessment point of view

The life cycle inventory (LCI) data of electric power generation plays a vital role on LCIs of industrial products. However, there are no formal life cycle assessment (LCA) studies in Indonesia so far due to limited of LCA expertise and lack of sufficient databases relevant to domestic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is, firstly, to introduce a life cycle assessment (LCA) method for Indonesian electric power generation systems, secondly, to establish LCI data for electricity grid mix of Indonesia compared with three selected countries, Japan, Thailand and China and, finally, to analyze and to investigate the environmental burdens for these four selected countries from a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) point of view using the proposed LCA-NETS (Numerical Eco-load Total Standard) method. The resulting LCA evaluations are discussed for further ecological improvement.