Endovascular embolization of arteriovenous malformations by bi-directional injection of a biocompatible two component polymer

Preliminary studies strongly suggest that biocompatible and mechanically stable embolizing two component polymers can be selectively delivered to cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using a bi-directional endovascular injection technique. A computer model and two vascular graft models have been developed to simulate the proposed injection from positions both proximal and distal to the AVM. The current project further developed and optimized the bi-directional injection technique and evaluated the long-term properties of the embolization polymer. Tissue reactivity and endovascular biocompatibility of the liquid and solid forms of the polymer injectate, as well as the mechanical response of the polymer plug were tested in vivo. The polymer tests helped confirm that the current polymer candidate calcium alginate, (sodium alginate reacted with calcium chloride to form calcium alginate) is a safe, stable, and biocompatible material. Purified sodium alginate polymer, with a high guluronic acid content, has the potential to form a mechanically stable and biocompatible endovascular plug