Static converters for solar photovoltaic water pumping in off-grid regions

In this paper various schemes for solar photovoltaic water pumping are analyzed. Different aspects influence the performance of those systems; hydraulic load, battery efficiency, and variable speed operation are taken into account in order to suggest strategies for energy management and hardware implementation alternatives, under the restriction of operation in off-grid regions. Four pumping strategies, and their effect in the energy flow, are analyzed in this paper, using or not, batteries or variable speed.