Notice of RetractionHydrochemical and Isotopic Characteristics of Spring Water in Beijing and Their Environmental Implications

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

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The information of springs has important indicating implications on groundwater environment. Field testing for T, DO, EC, ORP, pH and TDS of spring water was carried out, and chemical and isotopic components were also tested in labs. Results indicate most of the 2nd class springs and 60% of the 1st class springs exist in early 1980s have disappeared, runoffs from the only springs survived also have decreased sharply, which are mainly caused by the decreasing of precipitation and groundwater exploitation. Quality analysis shows qualities of most spring water are good, and physical and chemical indexes of spring water changes slightly compared with those 30 years ago, which implies that qualities of these spring water have been not impacted by human activity obviously; these springs only participate in shallow groundwater circulation, and residence times of these water are short comparatively, which denotes a strong renew ability; these springs are recharged by infiltration precipitation, and have close dynamics interconnections with groundwater; Sr ions in spring waters are from weathering of carbonate rock.