Notice of RetractionDisulfiram is a Novel Modulator for PPAR

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors involved fatty acid metabolism and energy homeostasis. The PPARs also play crucial roles in the control of cellular growth and differentiation. Disulfiram is a clinically employed alcohol deterrent and has been used in the therapy of alcohol abuse for more than 40 years. Several effects of this drug have been reported for DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. In this study, we found the effects of disulfiram on the transactivation activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Disulfiram strongly influenced the gene reporter expression containing PPAR responsive element (PPRE) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, by using transient transfection assay we also found disulfiram alone activated PPAR subtypes in a dose-dependent manner. These findings might explain certain aspects of disulfiram toxicity and encourage new further studies to determine the toxicity and underlying working mechanism(s) of disulfiram. In conclusion, our results indicate that disulfiram works as a novel PPAR modulater.