Critical analysis of swarm intelligence based routing protocols in adhoc and sensor wireless networks

There are various bio inspired and evolutionary approaches including genetic programming (GP), Neural Network, Evolutionary programming (EP), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) used for the routing protocols in ad hoc and sensor wireless networks. There are constraints involved in these protocols due to the mobility and non infrastructure nature of an ad hoc and sensor networks. We study in this research work a probabilistic performance evaluation frameworks and Swarm Intelligence approaches (PSO, ACO) for routing protocols. The performance evaluation metrics employed for wireless and ad hoc routing algorithms is routing overhead, route optimality, and energy consumption. This survey gives critical analysis of PSO and ACO based algorithms with other approaches applied for the optimization of an ad hoc and wireless sensor network routing protocols.