Optimized wideband horn antennas of high gain and directivity

Several horn antennas designed to operate at various frequencies including ISM bands (433 MHz, 0.9, 2.5, 3.5 and 5 GHz) and 1.8 GHz, respectively, are discussed. The preliminary construction of these antennas was firstly implemented through numerical computation using the available HFSS 11 optimizer tools. The optimization process was done by simply varying the size and angle of flares. The best design of each horn prototype was achieved for the setting of flares size and angle that contributed to the optimum value of S₁₁, impedance bandwidth, gain and directivity. Other horn parameters such as waveguide width, length and height are kept constant. The fabrication and experimental testing were performed in Telematics Laboratory (UNHAS). This paper presents the numerical and experimental results of those processes. These include the impact of flares angle variations to the horn properties. Some modifications of horn antennas such as double and quad ridges, both linear and arc-circle forms and horn with cavity back, are also outlined.