Notice of RetractionModeling Chemical Phosphorus Removal from Municipal Wastewater Using Coagulation

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

A series of bench scale coagulation experiments were carried out to test phosphorus removal from primary and secondary effluents of six regional municipal sewage treatment plants in the city of Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. Six commonly used metal salt coagulants (Aluminum chloride [AlCl₃], aluminum sulfate [Al₂(SO₄)₃], poly-aluminum-chloride [PAC], ferric chloride [FeCl₃], ferric sulfate [Fe₂(SO₄)₃], poly ferric-sulfate [PFS]) were tested and compared on their phosphorus removal efficiencies. An empirical chemical phosphorus removal model was proposed and calibrated with the experimental data. The proposed model deals with the relationship between initial TP-concentration, residual TP concentration, and metal salts dosage. The test results indicated that there was no significant difference between the tested metal salts in their phosphorus removal efficiencies. This study showed a potential to use an empirical model to instruct phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plants.