Notice of RetractionTreating Papermaking Effluent under Pilot-Scale Test by Electrochemical/Fixed Biofilm Technologies

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

In this study, the effluent from one recycled paper mill was treated by two stage electrochemical/fixed biofilm combination processes. The effluent after biological treatment is characterized by COD 160~200mg/L, chromaticity 60~80 times, ammonia nitrogen 10~15mg/L, and then further treated by the following sequence (two stage electrochemical/fixed biofilm combination processes), ozone pretreatment - electrochemical fixed biofilm - ozone pretreatment - electrochemical fixed biofilm, of which pretreatment by ozone targets to destroy the structure of pollutants in the wastewater. During the processing, the major influence factors, such as ozone usage, reaction time, biological treating time, biomass, volume load and so forth were investigated. The results were obtained as follows: the effluent could be achieved with COD 44~55mg/L, removal above 70%, chromaticity 2-4 times, removal over 95%, ammonia nitrogen under 5mg/L, when two stage ozone total usage is 100g/m3wsaterwater, and HRT of BAF process is 3.0h. The discharge effluent not only could meet the new discharge standard (GB3544-2008), but also could be used as recycled water. What´s more, the most important is that the cost of combination treatment is no more than 1.3yuan per cubic meter wastewater. According above results, elctrochmical/fixed biofilm combination technology is a kind of advanced treatment that is economic, efficient, and has the potential to be applied widely.