Notice of RetractionSynchronous Removal of Nitrogen and Sulfur from Organic Wastewater by Anammox Bacteria

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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To investigate whether the anammox bacteria can remove the nitrogen and sulfate simultaneously, we performed an experiment by simulative anaerobic reactors in shakers, which was inoculated with anaerobic biological activated sludge and using the water containing the sulfate and fed with the organic wastewater and ammonium as substrate. By monitoring the changes of sulfate and ammonia concentrations, the process of nitrogen and sulfur removal in the reactors could be determined. The results showed that the concentration of sulphur was unstable and irregular. The average removal of sulfur and nitrogen was about 45% and 30% respectively, which indicated that there was a sulfate reduction in reactors besides the synchronous denitrification and desulfurazation reaction. Therefore the technology of using anammox bacteria to remove nitrogen and sulfur simultaneously in organic wastewater is feasible. This phenomenon has been seldom reported previously. The finding may suggest a new anaerobic removal process of ammonia and sulfate.