Notice of RetractionCatalytic Ozonation of Paper Mill Effluent by Activated Carbon (AC), TiO2/AC, Al2O3 and TiO2/Al2O3

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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Although traditional biological treatments effectively reduce the pollution level of paper mill effluent, biologically treated effluent usually can not meet the effluent emission standard. The objective of this study is to investigate the treatment efficiency of the biologically treated effluent by single ozonation and ozonation in the presence of activated carbon (AC), TiO₂/AC, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂/Al₂O₃ catalysts. Results showed that treatment efficiency was enhanced by the simultaneous use of ozone and the catalysts, evaluated as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal rates. The COD and color removal rates reached 51% and 91% for ozonation with TiO₂/AC, 55% and 92% for ozonation with TiO₂/Al₂O₃ catalyst, compared with 37% and 83% for single ozonation. It was also found that BOD₅/COD effectively increased after ozonation and catalytic ozonation, indicating obvious enhancement of the biodegradability of the effluent.