Notice of RetractionThe Photoconversion of Naphthalene and Phenanthrene under UV Irradiation in Ice and Water

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

This work investigated the photoconversion of naphthalene and phenanthrene under UV irradiation in water, ice columns and ice granules of three different sizes. The results showed that both naphthalene and phenanthrene could be photolyzed directly by UV irradiation in water, ice columns and ice granules, and all these photoconversion obeyed the first order kinetics equation. The conversion rate of naphthalene and phenanthrene in ice columns and ice granules was far slower than that in water. Because of the existence of QLL (quasi-liquid layer) and the effect of throughput of ice, the conversion rate of naphthalene and phenanthrene decreased as follow sequence: ice granules I (d <; 0.5 mm) >; ice columns (Φ10 mm) >; ice granules II (0.5 mm <; d <; 0.9 mm) ≈ice granules III (0.9mm <; d <; 2 mm).