Notice of RetractionInhibition of Ammonium Concentration on the Methanogenic Activity of Anaerobic Granular Sludge from Activated Sludge-Biofilm Anaerobic Hybrid Bio-Reactor

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

In the paper, the inhibition of ammonium concentration on the methanogenic activity of anaerobic granular sludge from activated sludge-biofilm anaerobic hybrid bio-reactor was indicated. The experiment was carried out at the medium temperature (35±1)°C. The sodium acetate was used as carbon source. The experiment results indicated that the inhibition of ammonium concentration probably was 1500 mg/L when the influent COD concentration was 4000 mg/L, pH value was 7.5. The inhibition was obvious with the increase of ammonia concentration. When the ammonia concentration was increased to 3500mg/l, the removal rate of COD reduced 35%. IC₅₀ of ammonia was 3700 mg/L on the anaerobic granular sludge methanation process .