Notice of RetractionOptimization of Energy Consumption for Sludge Sonication - Based on Suitable Sludge Disintegration Degree and Easily Degradable Substances for Sludge Digestion

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

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Our optimization of sludge sonication was based on suitable sludge disintegration degree and easily degradable substances for sludge digestion. First, sludge disintegration degree and corresponding inoculation rate was studied. Remarkable improvement of anaerobic digestion of sludge was observed in condition of suitable sludge disintegration (induced by 1200 W, 2 min sonication dosage) and 80 % inoculation rate. More, degradation of protein and lipid were proved to be most related to COD decrease and biogas production in sludge digestion. With the two substances as indexs, reasonable optimization of sludge sonication was carried out for the the purpose of obtaining above mentioned sludge disintegration with less energy consumption. Higher sonication power induced more energy efficient sludge sonication. The optimal sonication parameters were 1200 W sonication power and 2 min sonication time.