DocumentCode
3340663
Title
Notice of Retraction
Distribution of Trace Metals Levels in Kuwait Governorates Aerosols (PM10, PM2.5, PM1): Air Pollution and Public Health
Author
Bu-Olayan, A.H. ; Thomas, B.V.
Author_Institution
Dept. of Chem., Kuwait Univ., Safat, Kuwait
fYear
2011
fDate
10-12 May 2011
Firstpage
1
Lastpage
5
Abstract
Notice of Retraction
After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.
We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.
The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.
Our study reports the presence of changed air quality standards in Kuwait as a result of particles sized 1.0, 2.5 and 10 μm Φ ((PM10, PM25, PM1). Irrespective of the six Kuwait Governorate areas (GI-GVI) and seasons, high trace metal concentrations were observed in the sequence of PM10 >; PM25 >; PM1.0 respectively. The annual mean concentrations for PM1.0 PM10 (15 ug m-3 - 93 ug m-3) exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Trace metals in these aerosols in Kuwait were never evidenced before and hence this study. Samples in G-VT showed high trace metals levels (4.93 μg g-1 39.56 μg g-1: PM1.0-PM10) among the six Governorates indicating the significance of trace metals from the re-suspension of dust and soil from the desert crust, dispersal from the oil industries, rise in population and urbanization. Metal-wise analysis revealed high metals levels in the sequence of Al >; Cu >; Fe >; Ni >; Zn >; Pb >;V. Season-wise analysis revealed high trace metals concentrations in aerosol during summer than in winter attributing to frequent dust storms and anthropogenic sources. Findings also revealed that these aerosols are detrimental to generate substantial health impacts. Hence, these aerosols can be characterized as indicators to trace metals pollution in the ambient air for a given area and- also present opportunities to reduce airborne aerosols to improve public health.
After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.
We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.
The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.
Our study reports the presence of changed air quality standards in Kuwait as a result of particles sized 1.0, 2.5 and 10 μm Φ ((PM10, PM25, PM1). Irrespective of the six Kuwait Governorate areas (GI-GVI) and seasons, high trace metal concentrations were observed in the sequence of PM10 >; PM25 >; PM1.0 respectively. The annual mean concentrations for PM1.0 PM10 (15 ug m-3 - 93 ug m-3) exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Trace metals in these aerosols in Kuwait were never evidenced before and hence this study. Samples in G-VT showed high trace metals levels (4.93 μg g-1 39.56 μg g-1: PM1.0-PM10) among the six Governorates indicating the significance of trace metals from the re-suspension of dust and soil from the desert crust, dispersal from the oil industries, rise in population and urbanization. Metal-wise analysis revealed high metals levels in the sequence of Al >; Cu >; Fe >; Ni >; Zn >; Pb >;V. Season-wise analysis revealed high trace metals concentrations in aerosol during summer than in winter attributing to frequent dust storms and anthropogenic sources. Findings also revealed that these aerosols are detrimental to generate substantial health impacts. Hence, these aerosols can be characterized as indicators to trace metals pollution in the ambient air for a given area and- also present opportunities to reduce airborne aerosols to improve public health.
Keywords
aerosols; air pollution; atmospheric composition; dust; soil; storms; Kuwait Governorate areas; Kuwait Governorates aerosols; World Health Organization; air quality; airborne aerosols; anthropogenic sources; dust resuspension process; dust storms; health impact analysis; high trace metal concentration; metal-wise analysis; outdoor air pollution; particles size; season-wise analysis; size 1.0 mum; size 10 mum; size 2.5 mum; soil resuspension process; trace metal level distribution; trace metal pollution; Aerosols; Copper; Iron; Lead; Monitoring; Soil;
fLanguage
English
Publisher
ieee
Conference_Titel
Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, (iCBBE) 2011 5th International Conference on
Conference_Location
Wuhan
ISSN
2151-7614
Print_ISBN
978-1-4244-5088-6
Type
conf
DOI
10.1109/icbbe.2011.5781258
Filename
5781258
Link To Document