Vulnerability assessment and emergency response for booster chlorination systems

Based on the cumulative distribution curves of consumed contaminated water, the concept of average vulnerability considering influence coefficient of each node was proposed to evaluate the overall risk of water distribution system when contaminations broke out. Optimization model for booster chlorination had been combined with contaminant intrusion model, and the new model was used to assess the vulnerability of booster chlorination system. Case study shows that booster chlorination system has great benefits for reducing the risk for most areas, and the more chlorine boosters there is, the less risk the whole system is running, which has some value in choosing the appropriate number of chlorine boosters. Besides emergency response plans for different regions are proposed based on the vulnerability of each node, which offers theoretical directions to risk management of water distribution system.