Notice of RetractionEffects of Cadmium on Oxidative Stress Indicators in Liver of Carassius auratus in Simulated Urban Runoff

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

Storm runoff and sediment resuspension commonly contain high levels of soil particles in urban areas. Pollutants can be sorbed onto soil particles to form dilute soil suspension. Aquatic organisms can be affected by exposure to this urban runoff. The effect of cadmium (Cd) stress on antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver of carassius auratus were investigated under simulated conditions by exposing them to a dilute soil suspension containing cadmium of different concentrations for different times. The results indicated that antioxidant enzyme activity increased first and then decreased and MDA content decreased gradually with exposure time. Permanent damage was not caused in the liver of C. auratus under simulated conditions since MDA finally returned to normal level. In addition, within range of experimental concentrations soil suspension had no effect on the liver of C. auratus, but this does not rule out a potential effect of soil suspension on stress intensity of Cd to C. auratus.