Notice of RetractionEffects of Heat Shock on Viability and Fecundity in Tribolium castaneum

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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Heat shock affects viability and reproductive performance of animals. In this study, the effects of heat shock on mortality rate, pupal mass, spawning sustainability and average number of eggs during 48hs after mating in Tribolium castaneum were investigated. Three test groups A, B and C were primarily established from the same base population and conducted heat shock treatment with 15-days-larvae every other generation. On the other hand, control group D (wild type) was raised at normal temperature (30°C). The 4 groups maintained for 3 successive generations and in every generation equal amount of seed stocks were selected from each family group. Having been compared with control group D, group A (42°C 1h) and B (42°C 0.5h) had no obvious influence on the mortality of larvae, but significant on pupae and adult insects. Remarkably lethal effect on larvae was observed in group C (45 °C1h). The results showed that heat shock significantly influenced pupal mass among different genders, generations and groups (P<;0.0001). Spawning sustainability in three treatment groups lacked specificity in the first generation. In addition, we found that heat shock treatments lead a decrease in average number of eggs during 48hs after mating in female insects (P<;0.0001), and the generation factor had a significant influence on this trait. After two generation heat shock treatments, heat-resistant larvae survived, while worse performed larvae were eliminated, we primarily breed heat-resistan- lines of T castaneum.