Notice of RetractionParticle swarm optimization based on catfish effect for flood optimal operation of reservoir

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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In the light of the characteristics of the reservoir flood optimal operation, such as multi-restriction, multi-dimension, non-linearity and difficult algorithms, the catfish effect mechanism is introduced into the particle swarm optimization and named catfish effect particle swarm optimization. The arithmetic introduced catfish particles through the startup device of catfish and adjusted the flying pattern of particle swarm by the catfish effect in the progress of evolutionary. On the one hand, the driven influence of catfish particles forces the swarm out of steady-state and inspired its vitality in order to improve the diversity of particle swarm; on the other hand, take the advantage of the high quality of dynamics adjustment of catfish, the arithmetic aim to guide the optimization and hence keep its high search performance. Calculation results show that compared with the standard particle swarm optimization and the chaotic particle swarm optimization, the catfish effect particle swarm optimization has the better overall searching capability and faster convergence speed, which can be effectively applied to the reservoir flood optimal operation.