Notice of RetractionCadmium Concentration in Animal Manure and the Regional Pollution Hazard: A Case Study in Northeast China

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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120 Animal manures were randomly sampled from different scales of intensive farms in three northeast provinces, and analysed to determine Cd concentration. Meanwhile, the load of animal manure Cd on farmland in sewage irrigation area of Liaoning province was estimated. The results showed that Cd concentrations in manures ranged from non-detectable to 203.4 mg/kg, with higher mean value of 15.1mg/kg in pig manure than that of 1.6 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg in chicken and cattle manure. The load of animal manure Cd on farmland in study area was in the range of 0.2-0.8 kg/km² annually, particularly, Xiaolinghe and Songsan receiving the higher level than the other areas. The possible quantity of manure Cd into river with the soil erosion was in the range of 1.6 g/km² to 15.0 g/km² and concentrated in the cities of Fushun, Yingkou to Anshan. It was suggested that animal manures contained high level of Cd; long-term agricultural application of animal manure may increase potential risk of Cd pollution on soil and surface water.