Notice of RetractionEffects of Temperature on Oil-Degrading Microbial Communities and the Biodegradation of Petroleum

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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-Micro-Biological degradation of oil pollution is the focus of the present study. Two different communities of bacteria depend on crude oil as sole carbon source were found and the main foundation of temperature on the microbial community screening was researched and revealed. The total bacterial concentration at 10°C was 6.2 × 10⁵ CFU/mL and which under the conditions of 25°C was 4 × 10⁸ CFU/mL. Considering from the composition point of view, 8 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Unit) has been domesticated at 25°C . It was obvious that the community composition was more diverse under the conditions of 10°C than of 25°C. The microbial community diversity was significantly higher under the conditions of 10°C. The dominant bacteria were different in different temperature conditions and Rhizobium was the only same genus. 40% of the total community composition was Rhizobium at 25°C and the proportion at 10°C was 3%.As a result, the temperature had a strong impact on the composition of soil microbial communities. The cold-adapted strains D17 and D24 could produce emulsification to a greater degree and their degradation of petroleum was studied then. It was showed that both of the strains had ability of degrading petroleum at different temperature. The degradation rate was 25.8% by D17, 25.3% by D24 and 21.9% by D17+D24 at 25°C while which was 11.3%, 10.2% and 10.3% respectively after 100 days degradation. Low tempera- ure would affect the growth and enzyme activity of bacteria .However, it was suggested that the degrading of petroleum by cold-adapted bacteria was feasible at lower temperature.