On discrete and distributed RC models for electrostatic discharges

Data collected by experiments and from the literature are applied to four models of electrostatic discharges, including the one-dimensional transmission line model of a discharge propagating over a dielectric surface. For each model an analytical expression for the discharge current is given, and thus it is possible to numerically determine the charge transfer and the thermal energy released in the discharge. Equivalent electric circuits are proposed, and current wave shapes from these circuits fitted to observations. Discharges from small insulating surfaces may be described as discharges from a capacitor, with very low heat development efficiency. If the discharge enters the otherwise insulating surface at a conducting part, as for the case of a charged operator with a hand-held metal tool, the current is well described by a two-capacitance circuit. Long sparks, lightning and propagating discharges from large surfaces are better described by a transmission line model. Equations are given for both linear and circular geometry.<>