A digital video watermarking method by associating with the motion estimation

This paper proposes a new digital video watermarking method by associating with motion vectors of P-frame and inserting flag bits of watermarks into the macro block of the referred I-frame. According to the experimental results, the proposed methods are efficient in terms of increase of watermark bits by 3 times more than that of the method changing motion vector itself by half pixel. And also the quality of watermarked picture is very high with more than 39 dB in SNR and the extracted watermark bits with no error. Therefore, the watermarking techniques are useful in digital video watermarking, especially, for MPEG encoder.