Genesis of the corrugated electromagnetic surface

A type of wave propagation guided by reactive surfaces is described. These waves may be guided either external to a single guiding surfaces, or within hollow pipes. Their phase velocity is always slower than the free space velocity, unless constricted in some fashion. They are truly "guided" waves even though not necessarily confined within physical boundaries. Also, they have a component of force in the direction of propagation, similar to other guided waves. These waves may have applications to microwave components such as radiators, lenses, filters and oscillating tubes. The study is of interest to antenna theory.