On Chip Synthesis Approach for Biochips -From GemkeyTM DNA Chip to Future Glyco Chip

Molecular diversity is a well known issue causing difficulties to elucidate the networks among the biomolecules inside living bodies. To tackle this issue biochips are potential tools to sense these molecules in parallel manner providing time course snapshots of interactions. A DNA chip, gemkey^TM is fabricated with in situ synthesis and polymer masking technology. 81 oligonucleotides are synthesized directly on a chip in a parallel manner based on the predefined design and then hybridized with sample DNA, then was evaluated with colorimetric detection. With DNA chips, E.coli genome sequence and control DNA were identified by using 9 kinds of probe for each sample. These synthesis technologies were also modified and adapted to carbohydrate synthesis. Synthesized carbohydrates were evaluated by MS, MIR and biological protocols. These on chip synthesis approaches allow us to make customized chips with on demand base for understanding of biological system.