Design and analysis of ring oscillator based Design-for-Trust technique

Due to the increasing opportunities for malicious inclusions in hardware, Design-for-Trust (DFTr) is emerging as an important IC design methodology. In order to incorporate the DFTr techniques into the IC development cycle, they have to be practical in terms of their Trojan detection capabilities, hardware overhead, and test cost. We propose a non-invasive DFTr technique, which can detect Trojans in the presence of process variations and measurement errors. This technique can detect Trojans that are inserted in all or a subset of the ICs. It is applicable to both ASICs and FPGA implementations. Circuit paths in a design are reconfigured into ring oscillators (ROs) by adding a small amount of logic. Trojans are detected by observing the changes in the frequency of the ROs. An algorithm is provided to secure all the gates, while reducing the hardware overhead. We analyzed the coverage, area and test time overhead of the proposed DFTr technique. To demonstrate its effectiveness in the real world, the proposed technique had been validated by a red-team blue-team approach.