Simulation and computer graphics in medical education: a visual presentation metaphor

Respiratory and electrocardiogram gated cardiac magnetic resonance images were acquired to construct a three-dimensional model of the heart. The major anatomical structures were identified from the multiplane, multiphase images to create a three-dimensional representation of the geometry of each object. Quantitative methods were used to calculate displacement vectors for the objects during the cardiac cycle. Based on these data an animation of normal and abnormal function has been generated. With the addition of anatomically derived specimens, structures which are beyond the resolution of the scanners can be added to the model. Coronary arteries were incorporated into the model from cadaver hearts. The perfusion fields of each major artery could be demonstrated with surface shading. It is shown that the integration of images, function and orientation combine to produce a meaningful learning environment for medical and allied health students. The use of dynamic simulations provides the capability to experiment and understand structure and function in an interactive learning environment