Method of controlling reverse power flow of PV system with heat pump water heater

We have developed an optimal management planning method for the efficient use of a photovoltaic generation system with heat pump water heater and battery storage. This plan can prevent shortage of hot water while minimizing the cost and maximizing customer convenience and can deal with multiple scenarios corresponding to uncertainties in forecasting PV output, hot water and electricity demand. A simulation was performed to analyze daily operation with the proposed planning method in terms of year-round hot water demand, electricity demand, and PV output. An experiment was also conducted using the heat pump water heater to demonstrate the proposed method.