Electromagnetic optimization of a patch antenna over a textured substrate using total least squares

It is well-known that miniaturization of surface patch antennas over a substrate involves use of high-contrast dielectric material. An approach to increase bandwidth is through material modifications, referred to as texturing (Kiziltas, G. et al., 2003; Psychoudakis, D. et al., 2003). It is equally well-known that textured substrate designs exhibit high parametric sensitivity. It is necessary to employ optimization methods to design the texture, but the typical optimization methods (Haupt, R.L., 1995; Johnson, J.M. and Rahmat-Samii, Y., 1997; Scales, J.A. et al., 1992; Hoffmann, K.H. and Salamon, P., 1990) would be time consuming. The paper examines another method based on total least squares (TLS) to perform the optimization.